George
arrives in England
14 May 1917 |
The 177th arrived in Enland on
May 14 and was immediately absorbed into the 3rd Canadian Reserve Battalion
stationed at Sandling Camp near the south coast. There, training continued
as the camp played way-station for replacement troops bound for the Continent.
When leaves were granted, George was able to visit his sister Martha who
was serving as a nursing sister at the Hospital in Orpington.
[photo with Martha] Seeing the wounded soldiers, parading troops, rationing of food and gasoline in his early days in England served as a more gentle introduction to the War than what would soon follow. After participating in the military games and athletic sports of Sandling Camp's Victoria Day celebrations, many soldiers went to the nearby sea-side resort of Folkestone. During the dinner-hour, the town came under attack by German planes. Two-winged aircraft of recent invention had been seen crossing the channel before, but they were usually flying reconnaissance missions. These were huge Gotha bombers, and killed 76 coastal holidayers, and four soldiers from George's battalion. (18) Air raids became frequent occurrences over the summer months, often interrupting marches and church parades. At one occasion a training inspection was cancelled, while from the parade ground the men watched Allied fighters engage enemy planes over Dover. |
War
a costly stalemate
Summer 1917 |
The War was not going well for the Allies that summer. In anticipation
of a renewed Allied offensive, the Germans had fallen back to the well
fortified 'Hindenburg Line'. This foiled a French attack in Champagne and
after several humiliating defeats, the French forces mutinied for two weeks.
French strategy changed to a defensive posture until the newly committed
American armies arrived and more tanks could be built. To the north, British
and other Imperial troops began a successful offensive in Flanders, but
were bogged down in the seas of mud, and halted when the Canadian corps
captured Passchendael.
During a lull in traffic at Sandling, George spent some in September training at Tilmanstone, Kent. The trainees slept in bivouacs, and practiced maneuvers, delayed actions, counter attacking, all the while harassed by the day-and-night German air raids. The air war eased off during the fall, partly due to losses over Flanders, but growing news of a truce on the Eastern Front sent chills through the Allied troops. The Russian Czar had abdicated, and Lenin now ruled a Bolshevik government. Cessation of fighting in Russia, and major victories in Italy and Galicia brought more German troops back to the Western Front. For George, there was a quiet yet final Christmas in England and by February, 1918, Sandling Camp was again the scene of mass troop movements. The Americans had arrived over the last few months and were training in France near the Western Front. Knowing the Germans would attack before their preparations were complete, British Imperial troops were also digging-in. The Canadian corps was stationed in the north and needed more men to bolster their defenses. |
George
leaves for France
22 Feb 1918 |
On February 22, George and 53 others boarded a troop ship and proceeded overseas to the Vimy Front, joining the 4th Canadian Mounted Rifles . |